1996, 2 (1) 1-5
Determınatıon Of Effectıve Heat Summatıon Requırement Of Pome Fruıts Grown In Ankara Condıtıons (Turkish)

Hülya ÜNVER1 and Menşure ÇELİK2
1.Ankara Üniversity, Kalecik Profession High School-Kalecik
2.Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture-Ankara

This experiment was carried out to determine heat accumulation requirement of pome fruits. 10ºC for pome fruits was considered as critical temperature (base temperature) to calculate effective heat summation in degree-days or heat units. The lenght of growth periods in Ankara were 258 days in 1992 and 267 days in 1993. Effective heat summations in Ankara were 1646 (1992) and 1783 (1993) degree-days above 10ºC. It can be said that the effctive heat summation of Ankara is enough of for commercial growing of pome fruit cultivars studied in this experiment.

Key Words: Effective heat summation, base temperatur

1996, 2 (1) 7-11
Effects on Bean Weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say) Damages on Biological Value and Seedling Development in Dry Bean Cultivars (Turkish)

Cevdet AKDAĞ
Gazi Osman Paşa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy-Tokat

This study was conducted to determine of effects on biological value (germination fast, germination power, emegence fast and emergence power) and seedling characters (seedling height and seedling dry weight) of numbers of hole on seed which made by bean weevil (A. obtecnus) in 1995 year. Trial was designed at randomized plots-split plots with three replications and Dermason, Horoz, Şeker, Şahin-90, Karacaşehir-90 and Es-1286 cultivars were used in trial. In the study that carried out in perlit medium under uncontrolled conditions, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and more holed seeds and healthy seeds as a control were used. Biological values and seedling characters of cultivars were found significant. It was determined important effects of hole number on biological value and seedling characters. While 6 and more holes were decreasing germination power as 87 % and emergence power as 91.6 % according to healthy seeds, one hole has been decreased germination power as 10.9 % and emergence power as 17.6 %. Variety x hole number interaction was found significant.

Key Words: dry bean, germination, emergency, seedling, bean weevil

1996, 2 (1) 13-18
The Methods for Prediction of Evapotranspiration of Corn in Ankara Conditions (Turkish)

Y. Ersoy YILDIRIM and Süleyman KODAL
Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Farm Structures and Irigation-Ankara

Evapotranspiration of corn was measured under field experiment during the periods of 10 days. These data were compared with the values calculeted by the 8 different prediction methods by using climatic data. By this way, the most suitable estimating method of evapotranspiration which could be used for irrigation scheduling of corn was tried to determing. As a result, it was found that the best estimates could obtain with Penman (FAO) and Radiation (FAO) methods. In addition the crop coefficent (kc) values of corn were prepared for the best fit method.

Key Words: corn, evapotranspiration, crop coefficient

1996, 2 (1) 19-22
Boron Adsorptıon In Soıls (Turkish)

Sonay SÖZÜDOĞRU1, Satea M. OMAR2 and Sadık USTA1
1 Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science-Ankara
2. Master of Science in Agricultural Engineering

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soil properties on Boron adsorption. Boron sorption in soils confirmed to Langmuir adsorption isotherm, but only over limited concentration ranges. On the other hand, the Ferundlich adsorption isotherm was applicable over the entire B concentration range for all soils. The Langmuir b and Freundlich k values were highly correlated with both clay content (significant at 1 % level), pH ( significant at 1 % level but negative) and cation exchange capacity (significant at 5 % level). Langmuir K values were significantly correlated with organic matter at 1 % level and pH at 5 % level and negative.

Key Words: boron, Langmuir adsorption isotherm, Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

1996, 2 (1) 23-25
The Residual Effect of Liquid Poultry Manure on the Growth and N, P, K Content of Maize Crop (English)

A. Reşit BROHİ1, M. Rüştü KARAMAN1 and Ali İNAL2
1Gazi Osman Paşa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science-Tokat
2 Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science-Ankara

The main object of this study is to evaluate liquid poultry manure as a fertilizer to solve the problem of the farm and environment and also to see the residual effect of liquid poultry manure on the yield and N-P-K content of maize crop, tobacco-waste and farm yard manure treatments were also included in this experiment for comparison. The experiment was laid out on completely randomized design with 10 treatments and 3 replications in greenhouse conditions. Pots containing 4 kg of air dried soil was used. Liquid poultry manure at the rates of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5 t/da (on dry basis) were applied at band, whereas tobacco waste at the rates of 3 and 4 t/da and farm yard manure at the rates of 2.5 and 5.0 t/da were mixed with soil and kept at field capacity for one month. Cumhuriyetwheat variety was sown and harvested 9 weeks after sowing. After harvesting wheat plants, H-2274 maize variety was sown in the same pots and grown for 8 weeks to study the residual effect of organic fertilizers used in this research. According to the results of this experiment, increasing rates of liquid poultry manure (LPM), tobacco-waste (TW) and farm yard manure (FYM) significantly increased the dry matter yield (DMY) and N, P, K uptake of maize crop than that of control plants. Maximum DMY (20.50 g/pot) was obtained with 4.5 t/da rate of LPM, while dry matter yield of control plants was 3.67 g/pot.

Key Words: residual effect, poultry manure, maize, N, P, K content

1996, 2 (1) 27-31
The Effects of Different Concentrates on Pasture on Fattening Performance of Karakaya Lambs (Turkish)

B. Zehra SARIÇİÇEK, Nuh OCAK and Güray ERENER
Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science-Samsun

In this study, 60 lambs aged 2.5 mo. Were used. The effects of different contcenttrates on pasture on fattening performance of Karakaya lambs were determined. The lambs were alloted into 4 groups. The first group was grazed on pasture; 2 nd group was grazed on pasture and additionally was given barley providing 50% of the daily dry matter (DM) requirements; 3 rd group was grazed on pasture and additionally was given barley (25%) + the Fattening Feed for Lamb-Calf (25%) providing 50% of the daily DM requirements. At the end of experimental period (10 weeks) the average daily live weight gains determined for each group were 78.14+ 8.89, 145.43+ 6.32, 152.29+7.79 and 166.71+8.74 g, respectively (P<0.01). On the other hand, the mean daily feed intakes in 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th groups were 560.57, 611.64 and 609.13 g, respectively, and feed/gain ratios were 3.85, 4.02 and 3.65, respectively.

Key Words: lamb, fattening, fattening performance, concentrate feed

1996, 2 (1) 33-36
The Effect of Several Organiç Residues on Some Physical Properties of the Compacted Clay Lom Soil (Turkish)

Damla BENDER1 and İlhami ÖZKAN2
1Karadeniz Teknik University, Ordu Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science-Ordu
2Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science-Ankara

Attempts were made to find out the effects of various organic residues on the saturation percent, aeration porosity, field capacity, wilting point, available water content and hydraulic conductivity of the clay loam-textured soils. The samples taken from the surface soil (0-20 cm) were mixed with the different rates of farmyard manure, green manure and straw and were compacted under the pressure of 3 kg/cm2 for 15 minutes after biringing to the optimum moisture content. Then the variations in the investigated soil physical properties were determined. In order to accord this laboratory research with the field conditions, different mixture ratios of the green manure from those of the straw and farmyard manure were used. It was concluded that the mixtures with straw were more effective statistically on the examined soil physical properties than those with farmyard manure. It was also concluded that the variation rates of the physical properties increased with the increments of the mixture rates except the available water content of mixtures with straw.

Key Words: organic residues, compaction, soil physical properties

1996, 2 (1) 37-41
The Effect Of Chıcken Feed On Broıler Intestınal Flora (Turkish)

Aynur Gül KARAHAN1 and M. Lütfü ÇAKMAKÇI2
1.Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Ankara İl Müdürlüğü-Ankara
2.Ankara Üniversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering-Ankara

In this study,the main issue was to investigate the effect of steril and non steril feeding material on the establisment of the natural flora of chick intestine after hatching. Two different groups of experiments were performed. In these experiments Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Escherichia coli were counted by dilution technique on agar plates. Non steril feeds contributed higher number of E.coli (log10) to intestinal flora and cecum of the chicks. In general, in the intestines and cecums of chicks fed with non steril feed (Group II) E.coli counts were more than that of chicks fed with steril feed (Group I), during 7 days that the chicks were being sensitive to the pathogens. The highest counts were recorded at 4 th day, which were 7.178 and 8.058, for Group I and Group II, respectively. E.coli counts of Group I decreased to 4.043, Group II to 2.955 at 9th day. In addition that the number of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus number were waved between 102 and 108. It was found that the number of E.coli and lactobacilli were 5.677 and 4.824, respectively, and fecal streptococci and Salmonella did not exist in the feed. Artificially inoculated Salmonella typhimurium 60-62 caused 11.91 g weight decrease compared to control chicks at 9th day.

Key Words: E.coli, lactobacilli, enterococcus, broiler

1996, 2 (1) 43-47
The Relationships Between Zinc and Iron on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Plant (Turkish)

Mehmet ALPASLAN and Süleyman TABAN
Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science-Ankara

Zinc-iron relationships in rice plants were investigated under greenhouse conditions with taken from aluvial soil which has been contained available of 0.4 ppm zinc. Zinc and iron were applied in the amounts of 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm Zn levels as ZnCl2 7H2O and 0, 5.0, 10.0 ppm Fe levels as FeSO4. Dry weights of the rice plants were increased by the zinc treatments , 21 %, 34 % and 44 % and the iron treatments increased it, 7 %, 11 % and 6 % respectively. Increasing levels of zinc increased zinc contents of the experimental plants, 49.6 %, 89.5 % and 126.0 %. While iron contents were decreased, 16.1 %, 27.2 % and 36.2 % by zinc treatments. Iron treatments increased iron content of the rice plants, 26.1 %, 66.0 % and 105.9 %. However, it decreased zinc content, 15.7 %, 28.6 % and 42.6 %, respectively.

Key Words: rice, zinc, iron